Cultivation of the Proteas in the World

The Proteas as ornamental cut flowers are highly valued by many exotic flower for the value and distinction who give their flowers, while its great durability over 15 days.

The Proteas as ornamental cut flowers
For this purpose, the cultivation of Proteas in the World is a reality, their flowers by air travelers to the country of consumption.

Among the most prominent countries in cultivation are:

■ South Africa, Which began its cultivation in the forties and production currently stands at over 4,200 hectares between nurseries and production areas for both fresh flowers as in the form of dried flowers.

■ AustraliaSecond country Proteas endemic but also cultivated varieties introduced from South Africa. Its major production areas are in Western Australia. Note that there are many endemic varieties that are protected for export and also happens in New Zealand. Production areas in New Zealand are Northland and Bay of Plenty.

■ United StatesIn its most important production areas of California and the Hawaiian Islands. They grow as a whole over 80 acres being the most important genres Banksia and Leucodendron.

■ Israel that occurs mainly in Leucodendron.

■ Portugal production began Proteas The island of Madeira in a little over 40 years. It also has production in the Azores that although his production is all of the islands, its largest area is on the island of Sao Miguel. In Alentejana coast (southern Portugal) and in the Algarve. Much of the Proteas as ornamental cut flowers are sold through Holland.

■ Spain, A young country like Proteas producerHas its main growing areas in Huelva with Leucodendron, And the Canary Islands where there are major areas for this plant.
■ Chile increases substantially directing their Proteas flowers to Europe.

■ Other new areas of interest or of production are Italy, Thailand, Zambia, China, Japan and Russia.

Bouquets of carnations

The carnationsis one of the most popular flowers in Spain with the rose. In fact, one of the pioneering countries in Europe in production and exports and is now the most important region Andalusia in regard to this flower.

Carnations
The greatest carnation market the world is the United States, Colombia and its main supplier and thus perhaps also the world's leading producer standard type carnation. In fact Colombia is also a major supplier in Europe, competing strongly with the Spanish market. In this case, carnations are transported by air, while trade in Europe is done primarily through trucks.

When we speak of 'The Carnation'As such, we refer primarily to Dianthus caryophyllusBelonging to the family Cariophyllaceas. This is mainly grown for cut flowers but also has a small market as ornamental potted plant. The pink (Dianthus caryophyllus) Originates in the Mediterranean at its most wild, although now and as a result of multiple hybridization and selection processes, is unlike almost anything and the varietal range is impressive.

Its value lies primarily in ornamental flowers with serrated petals, more or less irregularly. Currently grown carnations uniflora type, multiflora or bouquet. Carnations are often associated, emotionally, to the joy and charm ... and generally everything having to do with the joy and love. In the language of flowers are closely related with all the love feelings involved, but each color has a specific meaning. Thus, while the red expresses admiration for the beloved, the target makes greater reference to pure love.

The carnation bouquets may be all of Carnations or combined with other species of flower bouquets to set great ornamental value. This applies to the Standard carnations, Also called large-flowered.

In contrast, Miniature carnations, Also called multiflora or spray, are used primarily for bouquets along with the occasional flower as the StatizeThe Gerbera... And green as the ornamental cutting Leather FernThe Gypsophila paniculataEtc.. Together classes are set up much cheaper.

Entering the varieties of Carnations and within the 'standard type', we find an impressive collection that is growing over time. It is noteworthy that besides the pure colors, is the group of so-called 'Fantasia' and are having a lot of acceptance, including varieties of striped or variegated flower.

To set good carnation bouquets We should be demanding and are always Carnations quality. To do this, we must pay attention to things like the diameter of the flower, good training for their flowers, the absence of defects and pests, it appears the 'freshness' and does not wither, that the opening is partially open their flowers for a longer duration and the length and rigidity of the stem are adequate.

On the rigidity of the stem can be determined by taking the stem horizontally about 3 inches from the base of the stem according to the quality it deserves. If the deviation of the head of the flower is over 30 degrees from the horizontal curvature natural down ... the flower is defective.

The Proteas

The Proteas are very old plants, to the extent that they are within the southern hemisphere in three continents (Africa, Australia and South America.), implying that were already present before their separation, living with the dinosaurs

Protea Flower

About the name of this family there are variations to consider. First, the word is documented Protea comes from Greek mythology. The God Proteus, son of Poseidon, god of the seas and has the power to change shape and appearance, as the Proteas have a great diversity in form and color. Also in South Africa are called 'Suikerbossie', variant 'Sugarbush' which means 'wood sugar'. And that was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 under the name of Leucodendron repens their creeping certain bearing. Later, it was Carl Thunberg who changed his name to the new 'Protea mellifera', Known for his engagement in the production of honey.

Virtually all the Proteas need a rather poor soil, sandy, well ventilated, drained and slightly acidic pH. Their exposure should be sunny and temperatures without frost.

Under these conditions often have problems, whereas very wet, wet lands, is almost certain to die from asphyxiation root or the occurrence of the dreaded PhytophthoraThe enemy fungus most important source of the Proteas.

Currently grown variety Proteas in different countries for use in trade fresh flowers ornamentals. Among the most prominent countries are South Africa, followed by Australia, United States (California and Hawaii Islands), Israel, Zimbabwe, Portugal (South, Madeira and the Azores), Spain (Canary Islands, and the area of Huelva), Costa Rica , Chile, New Zealand, China and Japan.



As a curiosity associated with the ProteasWe can say that the Protea repens was for 200 years, the national flower of South Africa, in 1976 was replaced by Protea cyneriodes with the reason that this particular type produces the largest flower in the Proteas.

Care of the cut flower Anthurium andreanum

The care Anthurium andreanum as cut flowers are very simple and carried out correctly, we can ensure that your flowers last longer than three weeks in the vase of our home.


Red Anthurium andreanum


The important thing is to make sure you buy the flowers Anthurium andreanum in good condition, they are fresh flowers. From here, everything depends on us.

The Anthurium andreanumOne of the most important ornamental species of the genus Anthurium sp. is native to tropical rain forests of Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Central America. Therefore, the moisture, heat and avoid direct sunlight will need to be borne in mind.

Focus on how to preserve longer the flowers Anthurium andreanum can be easy if we consider a few details. First, whether purchased at a flower shop or specialty store by flower delivery at home Internet, is unpack and put in the vase.

In all cases we will choose a clean vase, which also add clean water, no trace of chlorine and will add a preservative preferably cut flowers. This preservative will help prevent the development small bacteria and algae in the water and concentrate on the cut area of the stem, since they are a major cause shortening the life of any flower.

Technically, water is absorbed by the wood vessels called. These are like 'small pipes' located in the central parts of the stem and through which water flows from the roots to the leaves (once produced the juice, this falls Liberian vessels found at the periphery of the stem). Part of this water, as happens in us is evaporated through transpiration, so it must be replenished constantly.

The fresh flowers of Anthurium andreanum, Having no roots absorb water at the base of the stem. Thus, it is recommended that as often as possible (daily or every two days), change the vase water ... and every three or four days also wash well. Always adding a preservative of cut flowers if possible.

Usually we have one class only Anthurium flowers andreanumBut are always accompanied by other flowers and especially the so-called green ornamental. Therefore, these actions are due to perform with all the flowers and green forming the ornamental industry.

Both the first place the Anthurium flowers andreanum in the vase as in the successive times coinciding with water changes, always cut the stem bases for half a centimeter and recommended way to stem diagonally (at bezel). The cut is made clean and avoiding 'chew' the shear zone. The reason is to renew the cuts and thus facilitate better absorption of new water. And because of the diagonal cut ... is twofold: firstly get more absorption surface and the other, preventing the stem rest fully and directly on the vase, avoiding the obstruction of water intake area.

Once the Anthurium andreanum in the vase, we have the foresight to put in a place with good lighting but not direct sunlight incidence (eg, from a window). This will favor keeping the intensity of their colors. Obviously try to avoid exposure in areas with strong air currents such as near radiators or heating output of air conditioners, doors to the outside, and so on.

So with these simple care as a cut flower Anthurium andreanum, Its maximum durability is assured.

Chrysanthemum Flowers

Botanically, the genus Chrysanthemum belongs to the family Asteraceae and encompasses one of the types of flowers grown older, as well as cut flowers (fresh flowers) And potted ornamental plants. Its main attraction are the ornamental flowers.... really an inflorescence chapter.

Red chrysanthemum

A variety of chapter (flower) Grown commercially, but overall, this inflorescence is composed of two types of flowers: The female located in the radial area of the chapter and which correspond to the outer rows in the flowers, And hermaphrodites, concentrically located in the area ... which obviously correspond to the plants. The chapter floral container or may be flat or convex depending on the variety and is surrounded by its attractive form bracts surround, popularly mistaken as petals.

In Spain, thanks to the many varieties available today and therefore colors and shapes, chrysanthemum flowers (Chrysanthemum) Are widely used as gift and decoration of homes, offices, shops, etc.. Its popularity is supported by its long life as a flower vase and economic.

The chrysanthemum leaves are almost always aromatic and may be lobed or toothed, ligulate or rough, varying in color from light green and very dark, well covered with a whitish powder that gives a certain look gray.

The Chrysanthemum flowers are marketed as fresh flowers in jars with several stems in floral arrangements or as potted plant, several plants pinched to encourage their budding plant and thus fully dense and very flowery.

As we say, the Chrysanthemum flowers are technically inflorescence (group of them) and in the form of these inflorescences can be classified into different types:

■ Single or daisyComposed of one or two rows of flowers and hermaphrodite flowers radio stations.
■ Anemones that are very similar to the simple, but with concentric tubular and elongated flowers. In this type, the color of its flowers radial and concentric can be the same or not.

■ Recurved, Globular shape and curved inward radial flowers.

■ Reflex in round shape with radial flowers bending outwards and downwards.

■ The so-called type Spider, pen, spoon... In which radial flowers are tubular and incurved.

■Pompones into globular and consisting of short and uniform radial flowers, which shows no concentric flowers.

■ And DecorativeVery similar to those pompoms, because flowers are composed primarily of radio, although the outer rows are longer than the plants, giving the inflorescence a flat shape and irregular.

During recent decades, varietal improvement for obtaining commercial hybrids (new varieties), aimed both in form and in the color of its flowers, And in its adaptation to the production of flowers throughout the year.

Strelitzia reginae

The Strelitzia reginae belongs to the family Strelitziaceas and is used as cut flowersBut also as a gardening plant when the prevailing weather is benign. It is a plant well identified but in addition to its technical name is called 'Bird of Paradise','Estrelicia','Flower bird','Flower bird'And so on.


Flower Flower Strelitzia reginae
As behaves like herbaceous plant in the form of bush, large-leaved perennials that have a very strong central nerviadura grow alternate, with long petioles, are oval, grayish-green and have a long petiole. Taken together reaching a height which do not exceed five feet.

Overall, its main attraction is its beautiful and exotic flowers that resemble the shape of a bird, hence the reason for its many popular names. These are in their flower stalks that hold between 5 to 8 flowers and plants can flourish as several times a year.

Attractive flowers of Strelitzia reginae consist of three sepals orange or intense yellow and bright three strong blue petals. The flower quality allows it to be used in the floral compositions, bringing elegance and exotic touch to the whole.

Due to its characteristics endure in full turgor in the vase for several weeks, allowing to provide a good structural aspect to the final floristic composition.

In gardening, a plant which provides a 'tropical air'. It is a shrubby plant performance and plant is used both as individuals and for groups. It can be purchased as potted plant with several plants per container.

In the garden must have full sun exposure and in areas where temperatures are above 10 º C.

The Romance of Fresh Flowers in the Middle of Winter

Most people feel that Valentine's Day is not complete without flowers, but as almost everyone knows, February is not exactly the flower growing season.

So even gardeners have to join the rest of the people by purchasing fresh flowers in the local flower shop. Roses are by far the favorite - last year some 214 million of flowers were placed on the market for Valentine's Day. Of course, this does not mean that other flowers and potted plants are not popular.

It does not really matter what you choose for the special occasion, provided that at heart, and remember to take care of her flowers once the big day is over. This means that you keep fresh cut flowers in clean water with chlorine to prevent bacteria from attacking the stems. The stems should be cut off as soon as you get flowers. While potted flowers need to stay out of direct sunlight, which is pretty easy in this time of year.

Violet, decorative and stylish

This beautiful flower is brightly colored and shiny a favorite in gardens and on balconies. It is an evergreen herbaceous plant with flowers that are organized around a long stalk with five petals of color that gives it its name. There are also beautiful white varieties.

Its cultivation is relatively simple and is very useful to cover certain parts of the garden where little sunlight falls. Besides being great for decorating homes on the outside and inside, has other interesting utilities, including medicinal, chemical and even culinary.

Cultivation, propagation and soil
Its bloom is from November to March, keeping the flowers for two or three weeks. It is planted in September and multiply by division of mature plant. The best part of the garden to plant it where the sun does not directly, preferring the shade. It needs regular watering, at least two or three times a week, letting the field get to stay dry.

No excessive demands on the ground, although it is better for the soil is cool, compact, calcareous. In wild conditions, violets grow in meadows and damp places, in the early spring. The flowers can be collected and allowed to dry to interior decoration.

Its use
Although they can be used to decorate pots on balconies and patios in the garden may be small flower carpets covering the floors of a very elegant way. Its aroma is used to flavor certain liquors and confectionery, besides being essential for perfumes and cosmetics.

It has expectorant properties, laxative and antispasmodic. The flowers are used to cure colds with infusions and syrups. The leaves are antirheumatic, and improve bronchitis, cough and eruptive fevers. The following characteristics are attributed expectorants.

To make an infusion to add no more than three grams of dried violet flowers in a cup of boiling water. Let it settle, filtered and ready to take. Surely more than a cold calm.

Lily, Lilium

- Scientific or Latin name: Lilium spp.

- Common or usual name: Lily, Lilium, martagon.

- Family: Liliaceae (Lily).

- The genus Lilium comprises about 100 species distributed throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, a dozen of them are indigenous to Europe and two in North America, while 50-60 species occur in Asia.

- Most interesting are Lilium longiflorum lily, with white flowers and the hybrids produced from crosses between various species, mainly Lilium Lilium speciosum and auratum, with bright colors ranging from red to yellow.

- Trumpet-like flowers is the lily.

- Azucena emits a very intense aroma, especially at night.

- Not all varieties of lilies are fragrant, but two that have a strong odor, Lilium candidum and Lilium regale.

- The main colors are white, orange, purple, pink and yellow, plus the various shades and combinations thereof, especially among some hybrids.

- The lilies usually bloom from spring (May in the Northern Hemisphere), reaching their summer peak, and lasted until late summer.

- The bulb and the oil extracted from it may be taken for medicinal uses.

- The lily is a bulbous plant that reaches a certain height (1 m) so that patches should be surrounded by mulch.

- The lily is widely grown for cut flowers. They keep their freshness and fragrance for long.

- White is often associated with purity and therefore is closely related to the bridal bouquets.

- Also can be used as a garden planter.

- Keep in mind that the roots of lily can grow several inches, so if planted in a pot make sure we have enough space to grow.

- Light: once planted, try to keep the soil cool and shaded, and the sun only to give them flowers.

- The best place to put it near a tree or under a bush that is not too thick.

- Always ensure that the land of the lily is kept fresh, so do not hesitate to move the pot in the shade if it is hot.

- Planting lily: depending on the variety, some are planted in autumn to give them time to develop roots, but most are planted in spring.

- Once planted, will bloom regularly for a number of years and it is advisable to incorporate perennials terraces.

- Thinning lily bulbs every 3 to 4 years (who remain on earth) and replant them again to obtain new copies.

- Pest AZUCENA (Lilium spp.)

- Crioceras.

- Adults and larvae of beetles Crioceris merdigera or Lilioceris lilii, damaging leaves and buds that are bitten while feeding.

- To monitor the first adult populations that may appear, are treated with pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin, endosulfan, and so on.

- Aphids (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae).

- This pest causes direct damage lily and are agents of some viral vectors. The attacks are localized in the apical part of the plant, the more tender and budding by the floral underworld.

- Damages caused by feeding adults nutritive sucking of the plant is located both in the lower leaves and in flower buds.

- Seizures may cause significant distortions in leaf and flower buds of the lily.

- Control aphids.

- The pesticide treatments can be applied to aldicarb soil when the apical bud is about 10 cm and foliar spraying of dichlorvos, pirimicarb, methomyl, and so on. when the plant is more adult.

- Bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus echinopus-fum).

- Rhizoglyphus echinopus-fum parasite operates inside the bulb and can even affect the roots.

- Causes a series of injuries that can penetrate beyond the fungal diseases that accelerate the decay of the bulb and plant loss.

- Control.

- Is based on a preventive treatment of lily bulbs before planting.

- To do the bulbs are dipped in a solution containing about 50 cm3 / g of phosphorus insecticide (diazinon), half an hour.

- Trips (Liothrips vaneeckei, Frankliniella occidentalis).

- They highlight two species of thrips affecting Lilium plants.

- The first is Liothrips vaneeckei that develops in the scales of the bulbs, planted or stored. It causes wrinkling of the epidermis of the scales, which take a brown color.

- Frankliniella occidentalis transmitter acts as a viral agent.

- Also cause direct damage such as pitting and lily stained flower buds, shortened internodes, birth flower and so on.

- Control.

- Is performed by spraying with endosulfan and methiocarb both the plant and soil.

- Heat treatments are recommended bulbs to 43.5 º C.

- DISEASES OF THE AZUCENA (Lilium spp.).

- Rhizoctonia solani.

- Produces soft brown rot on the bulb. Roots will develop shortly, drying the lower leaves if the attack is weak and, if intense, dry all the leaves and even flower buds.


- Should be eliminated affected lily bulbs and prevent sanitized before planting.

- Phytophthora parasitica or Phytophthora nicotianae.

- Produces a dark mauve spot at the base of the stem, which is spreading upward, the lower leaves turning yellow. It also produces brown spots on the stem that breaks easily.

- Control.

- Disinfection lily bulb can reduce the incidence of the disease.

- In cultivation treatments are performed captafol, metalaxyl, fosetyl, in sprays directed to the neck of the plant.

- Pythium ultimum.

- Produce the putrefaction of lily roots with light brown spots. When the attack comes a mild growth retardation, but when severe it affected the whole plant, including flower buds that dry up and fall.

- Control.

- To treat these products use the same as above.

- Botrytis or gray mold (Botrytis elliptica, Botrytis cinerea).

- Attacks the whole plant (leaves, stems and flowers), producing brown spots more or less rounded.

- On leaves round spots appear first, then reddish yellow to pinkish-brown border.

- The leaves, if the weather is dry, wither and dry and, conversely, if the humidity is high, the spots spread to invade the entire worksheet, which covers gray mold and eventually rot, stems as well as invaded.

- The leaves and stems of diseased lily plants should be collected and burned.

- Control.

- There must control the humidity of the greenhouse.

- When watering will avoid wetting the leaves to prevent fungal growth and if environmental conditions so warrant, shall apply fungicide treatments.

- The products used are inclozolina, procymidone, iprodione, and so on.

- Necrotic spot virus of the lily (LSV).

- It is one of the most serious diseases of Lilium.

- Foliar symptoms are manifested chlorotic spots, elongated parallel to the veins that become progressively necrotic.

- The leaves of the lily is wound into a kind of rosette and deformed flowers, small, open hard.

- It has been shown that this disease comes from a mixed infection by two viruses: one is the LSV, which when alone is usually latent in many cultivars.

- Two virus in synergy with the LSV, allow the externalization of symptoms, one of which is the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), causing necrotic leaf streaks and variegated tulip virus (TBV), which produces necrosis bulb.

- The lily mottle.

- With this designation has been assigned to a group of viral diseases causing alterations in the pigmentation of the leaves.

- Lily flowers and can also have variegated strains that are more intense if the plants are also infected by LSV.

- Control of virus diseases.

- Regeneration by meristem culture.

- Has been made to the LSV free plants from infected explants Virazole incorporating into the culture medium.

- Need to respect the norms of isolation and application of treatments against the vectors to achieve good health of plantations.

- Physiological OF AZUCENA (Lilium spp.).

- Burn the leaves.

- Also called "leaf scorch", grayish white spots occur on leaves that turn brown and may appear on the stem.

- They occur in lily plants for various reasons (salinity, poor texture, asphyxia, high soil temperature, etc.). Have not developed a good root system, there is an imbalance between the aerial and underground.

- The incidence of this alteration depends on the sensitivity of the hybrid cultivated.

- They are sensitive Sterlin Star, Pirate, Lady Killer, Medaillon, Golden Melody and Stargacer.

- To minimize the effects of this disorder are advised:

- Avoid too rapid growth (temperature control of emissions).

- Avoid rapid evaporation (shading, spraying, ventilation, etc.)..

- Planted with ground fresh and ripe.

- For sensitive lily hybrids, using smaller bulb sizes.

- There are more prone to large calibers.

- Fight against diseases and pests of the roots.

- Layered stem apices.

- It occurs in young plants with heights between 35 and 65 cm, and in the vicinity of floral underworld in this area, the section of the stem is weakened wrinkling and bending the head.

- Is produced in crops grown in humid places, dark and low temperatures.

- Abortion of flowers.

- Can be due to lack of light in the young stages of growth and also by water stress.

- The calcium nitrate fertilizers helps prevent another cause, nutritional problems.

- Iron chlorosis.

- Lack of iron in calcareous soils.

- Correct providing iron chelates.

- Frost.

- Low temperatures can destroy the lily buds, so in cold climates, plants should be protected from the cold.

Carnation

Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the favorite flowers from florists. Because they can last long as flowers, carnations are very popular either in his buttonhole, in clusters, and in a variety of floral arrangements. Carnations are popularly favored for big occasions, especially Mother's Day and weddings.

Introduction
Carnations are also commonly referred to by its scientific name, "Dianthus", the name given by the Greek botanist Theopharastus. Carnations got the name Dianthus from two Greek words - "God", referring to the god Zeus, and "Anthos", meaning flower. Carnations are thus "The Flowers of God."

The flowers of this species Carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus has 5 petals and vary in color from white to pink and purple. Contiguous cultivated varieties have double flowers are carnation as many as 40 petals. When grown in the gardens, the Carnations grow between 6 and 8.5 cm in diameter. The Carnation petals are often scratched or are closed. Carnations are bisexual flowers and bloom simply or in a group branched or forked. The stamens in Carnations can occur in some turns, the number equal to twice the number of petals

Facts about the Carnations
•Carnations express love, fascination and distinction.
•Carnations are native to Eurasia.
•Historically, Carnations were first used by Greeks and Romans in garlands.
•Carnation leaves are narrow and the color varies from green to gray-blue or purple.
•Of the various kinds of carnations, three are the most common are annual Carnations, carnations and carnations contiguous perennial flower.
•Carnations grow large and full flowers on strong stems and upright. The carnation flowers last a long time.

Types of Carnations
The crops of carnations are divided into three types:

•Carnations large flowers - a large flower per stem.
•Spray Carnation (Carnation Minis) - with many smaller flowers.
•Carnation flower girls - several small flowers on one stalk.

Meanings in Carnation
The carnations have a wide variety of colorful colors represent these different meanings.

Clavel Meaning

Carnations in general Fascination
Pink Carnation - Maternal Love
Soft Red Carnation - Admiration
Intense red clover - Deep love to win the heart of a woman
White Carnations - BUNEA pure love and luck
Carnations Rayados - Rejection
Green Carnation - St. Patrick's Day
Purple Carnation - Caprichos
Yellow Carnations - Disappointment

History and culture of the rose

1 - History of the Rose
The rose has been since the dawn of time the queen of flowers.

The first records of its use date back to ornamental Crete (seventeenth century BC).

The rose was considered a symbol of beauty by the Babylonians, Syrians, Egyptians, Romans and Greeks.

In Egypt and Greece had a special significance, and more on Rome.

The Romans cultivated the rose strongly, being used to ornament their petals and the plant in the gardens in an area called Rosetum.

After Middle Ages, Where its cultivation was confined to monasteries, reappears passion for growing Rosal. An example of this passion was the Empress Josephine in 1802 from his palace at Malmaison came to possess a collection of 650 roses. The collections of roses have multiplied since then.

During the nineteenth century varieties begin to arrive in the Far East, where its cultivation was also very relevant to the ancient Chinese gardeners (there are roses growing data 3000 BC). With them come the yellows.

2 - Cultivation of the Rose



- Sun at least 6 hours per day. They have generally found in very sunny places, although it is desirable to have a little shade at certain times of day.


- The best situation is a clear place in the sun, where the air to pass easily between branches.


- Air circulation is important because it is less fungi. A rose bush near a wall or corner wetter, with less air circulation, is more prone to fungal attack.


- Withstands cold, But in climates with heavy frost is important to protect in the harshest months of the year, wrapping the stem and branches with dry leaves, newspaper or a plastic.


- They are not very demanding when the ground. The best is the sandy-loam soil, deep, permeable, well drained.


- Good irrigation and many nutrients to flower profusely. When planting roses near other plants, make sure that competition for nutrients and water affects them (and water paid more).


- In the event that the Rose is grown in a potThe watering frequency will increase.


- Do not wet the leaves to avoid the appearance of fungi.


- Fundamental to the proper growth of this plant is to make a pruning twice a year, a dramatic in winter and once in the summer.


- The first year there is no need to prune them, but must be done from the second year.


- It is also essential remove spent flowers to avoid consuming resources needed by the buds that are about to bloom.


- Normally the multiplication is performed by grafting. Pets woody cuttings, seeds, layers.