Lily, Lilium

- Scientific or Latin name: Lilium spp.

- Common or usual name: Lily, Lilium, martagon.

- Family: Liliaceae (Lily).

- The genus Lilium comprises about 100 species distributed throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, a dozen of them are indigenous to Europe and two in North America, while 50-60 species occur in Asia.

- Most interesting are Lilium longiflorum lily, with white flowers and the hybrids produced from crosses between various species, mainly Lilium Lilium speciosum and auratum, with bright colors ranging from red to yellow.

- Trumpet-like flowers is the lily.

- Azucena emits a very intense aroma, especially at night.

- Not all varieties of lilies are fragrant, but two that have a strong odor, Lilium candidum and Lilium regale.

- The main colors are white, orange, purple, pink and yellow, plus the various shades and combinations thereof, especially among some hybrids.

- The lilies usually bloom from spring (May in the Northern Hemisphere), reaching their summer peak, and lasted until late summer.

- The bulb and the oil extracted from it may be taken for medicinal uses.

- The lily is a bulbous plant that reaches a certain height (1 m) so that patches should be surrounded by mulch.

- The lily is widely grown for cut flowers. They keep their freshness and fragrance for long.

- White is often associated with purity and therefore is closely related to the bridal bouquets.

- Also can be used as a garden planter.

- Keep in mind that the roots of lily can grow several inches, so if planted in a pot make sure we have enough space to grow.

- Light: once planted, try to keep the soil cool and shaded, and the sun only to give them flowers.

- The best place to put it near a tree or under a bush that is not too thick.

- Always ensure that the land of the lily is kept fresh, so do not hesitate to move the pot in the shade if it is hot.

- Planting lily: depending on the variety, some are planted in autumn to give them time to develop roots, but most are planted in spring.

- Once planted, will bloom regularly for a number of years and it is advisable to incorporate perennials terraces.

- Thinning lily bulbs every 3 to 4 years (who remain on earth) and replant them again to obtain new copies.

- Pest AZUCENA (Lilium spp.)

- Crioceras.

- Adults and larvae of beetles Crioceris merdigera or Lilioceris lilii, damaging leaves and buds that are bitten while feeding.

- To monitor the first adult populations that may appear, are treated with pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin, endosulfan, and so on.

- Aphids (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae).

- This pest causes direct damage lily and are agents of some viral vectors. The attacks are localized in the apical part of the plant, the more tender and budding by the floral underworld.

- Damages caused by feeding adults nutritive sucking of the plant is located both in the lower leaves and in flower buds.

- Seizures may cause significant distortions in leaf and flower buds of the lily.

- Control aphids.

- The pesticide treatments can be applied to aldicarb soil when the apical bud is about 10 cm and foliar spraying of dichlorvos, pirimicarb, methomyl, and so on. when the plant is more adult.

- Bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus echinopus-fum).

- Rhizoglyphus echinopus-fum parasite operates inside the bulb and can even affect the roots.

- Causes a series of injuries that can penetrate beyond the fungal diseases that accelerate the decay of the bulb and plant loss.

- Control.

- Is based on a preventive treatment of lily bulbs before planting.

- To do the bulbs are dipped in a solution containing about 50 cm3 / g of phosphorus insecticide (diazinon), half an hour.

- Trips (Liothrips vaneeckei, Frankliniella occidentalis).

- They highlight two species of thrips affecting Lilium plants.

- The first is Liothrips vaneeckei that develops in the scales of the bulbs, planted or stored. It causes wrinkling of the epidermis of the scales, which take a brown color.

- Frankliniella occidentalis transmitter acts as a viral agent.

- Also cause direct damage such as pitting and lily stained flower buds, shortened internodes, birth flower and so on.

- Control.

- Is performed by spraying with endosulfan and methiocarb both the plant and soil.

- Heat treatments are recommended bulbs to 43.5 º C.

- DISEASES OF THE AZUCENA (Lilium spp.).

- Rhizoctonia solani.

- Produces soft brown rot on the bulb. Roots will develop shortly, drying the lower leaves if the attack is weak and, if intense, dry all the leaves and even flower buds.


- Should be eliminated affected lily bulbs and prevent sanitized before planting.

- Phytophthora parasitica or Phytophthora nicotianae.

- Produces a dark mauve spot at the base of the stem, which is spreading upward, the lower leaves turning yellow. It also produces brown spots on the stem that breaks easily.

- Control.

- Disinfection lily bulb can reduce the incidence of the disease.

- In cultivation treatments are performed captafol, metalaxyl, fosetyl, in sprays directed to the neck of the plant.

- Pythium ultimum.

- Produce the putrefaction of lily roots with light brown spots. When the attack comes a mild growth retardation, but when severe it affected the whole plant, including flower buds that dry up and fall.

- Control.

- To treat these products use the same as above.

- Botrytis or gray mold (Botrytis elliptica, Botrytis cinerea).

- Attacks the whole plant (leaves, stems and flowers), producing brown spots more or less rounded.

- On leaves round spots appear first, then reddish yellow to pinkish-brown border.

- The leaves, if the weather is dry, wither and dry and, conversely, if the humidity is high, the spots spread to invade the entire worksheet, which covers gray mold and eventually rot, stems as well as invaded.

- The leaves and stems of diseased lily plants should be collected and burned.

- Control.

- There must control the humidity of the greenhouse.

- When watering will avoid wetting the leaves to prevent fungal growth and if environmental conditions so warrant, shall apply fungicide treatments.

- The products used are inclozolina, procymidone, iprodione, and so on.

- Necrotic spot virus of the lily (LSV).

- It is one of the most serious diseases of Lilium.

- Foliar symptoms are manifested chlorotic spots, elongated parallel to the veins that become progressively necrotic.

- The leaves of the lily is wound into a kind of rosette and deformed flowers, small, open hard.

- It has been shown that this disease comes from a mixed infection by two viruses: one is the LSV, which when alone is usually latent in many cultivars.

- Two virus in synergy with the LSV, allow the externalization of symptoms, one of which is the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), causing necrotic leaf streaks and variegated tulip virus (TBV), which produces necrosis bulb.

- The lily mottle.

- With this designation has been assigned to a group of viral diseases causing alterations in the pigmentation of the leaves.

- Lily flowers and can also have variegated strains that are more intense if the plants are also infected by LSV.

- Control of virus diseases.

- Regeneration by meristem culture.

- Has been made to the LSV free plants from infected explants Virazole incorporating into the culture medium.

- Need to respect the norms of isolation and application of treatments against the vectors to achieve good health of plantations.

- Physiological OF AZUCENA (Lilium spp.).

- Burn the leaves.

- Also called "leaf scorch", grayish white spots occur on leaves that turn brown and may appear on the stem.

- They occur in lily plants for various reasons (salinity, poor texture, asphyxia, high soil temperature, etc.). Have not developed a good root system, there is an imbalance between the aerial and underground.

- The incidence of this alteration depends on the sensitivity of the hybrid cultivated.

- They are sensitive Sterlin Star, Pirate, Lady Killer, Medaillon, Golden Melody and Stargacer.

- To minimize the effects of this disorder are advised:

- Avoid too rapid growth (temperature control of emissions).

- Avoid rapid evaporation (shading, spraying, ventilation, etc.)..

- Planted with ground fresh and ripe.

- For sensitive lily hybrids, using smaller bulb sizes.

- There are more prone to large calibers.

- Fight against diseases and pests of the roots.

- Layered stem apices.

- It occurs in young plants with heights between 35 and 65 cm, and in the vicinity of floral underworld in this area, the section of the stem is weakened wrinkling and bending the head.

- Is produced in crops grown in humid places, dark and low temperatures.

- Abortion of flowers.

- Can be due to lack of light in the young stages of growth and also by water stress.

- The calcium nitrate fertilizers helps prevent another cause, nutritional problems.

- Iron chlorosis.

- Lack of iron in calcareous soils.

- Correct providing iron chelates.

- Frost.

- Low temperatures can destroy the lily buds, so in cold climates, plants should be protected from the cold.